Home vs. The Exotic in Shakespeares The Tempest Essays -- Shakespeare

Home vs. The Exotic in Shakespeares The TempestHome. Just the word conjures up feelings of familiarity and comfort, a place that is accept and memorable. Does home necessarily have to represent a place? Rather, can it encompass a multitude of feelings and objects that represent comfort and ease? The post-colonial novel lots strives to strike a balance, whether it be uneven, between what is considered foreign and exotic and that which is homely and familiar. Post-colonial literature frequently is representative of the interplay between characters experiences in an exotic environment versus those at home. With this interplay between home and the exotic comes a dynamic complexity that explores themes such as fears and desires, freedom, gender roles, and sexuality. With an overarching comparison between home and a foreign environment, the galore(postnominal) layers of the meaning of post-coloniality can be filtered out and explored in depth.Shakespeares play, The Tempest, serves as an excellent example of the interaction between the ideas of home and the exotic. These ideas are not only displayed in setting, but also represented by many of the main characters in the play. The study of this play can be considered a re-interpretation of a canonical text in cast down of post-colonial themes. The story is one of intrigue that explores the personalities of individual characters and their role in relation to what they consider as home and foreign. The characters that are most all-important(a) in explaining these ends include Prospero, his daughter Miranda and Prosperos two servants, Ariel and Caliban. Each one has a set of separate experiences on the island that shape their ability to determine what they find satisfying and homely and what is exoti... ...sa. This somewhat simple observation has resounding qualities in this post-colonial text as it blurs the defining line between home and the exotic. It can be conclude from these observations that the ideas of hom eliness and exoticness are not necessarily balanced in the post-colonial text, but rather blurred so the definitions are defined with each another(prenominal) instead of against each other. Apparent from this play, the post-colonial text ties in the features of home and the exotic while incorporating various post-colonial themes. The Tempest, being considered a canonical text, has undergone re-interpretations in a post-colonial light to display varied themes central to texts written and referring to time periods during and after colonization. Through the characters experiences, the ideas of home and the exotic are exposed, revealing post-colonial meanings and ideas.

Religion and State Sovereignty :: social issues

Religion and State SovereigntyThe influence of religion on humankind can be traced back to the inaugural records of history. Religion has served as a pillar of strength to some and binding chains to others. There are vast amounts of information and anthropological studies revealing the interaction of religion and humankind. However, for the purposes of this paper, the time periods of study will be broken up into three sections. Each section will give a general description of how religion affected the institution of the state and its Sovereignty in a Euro-centric perspective. The first period is the early period, which will encompass from Christianity and the Roman Empire to the gallant times (approx. 311 to 1100 A.D.). The second period will include the Renaissance, the Reformation to the Treaty of Westphalia (1101 to 1648 A.D.). The third and increment of history will range from 1649 to 1945 A.D. The date 311 A.D. marks the subject of the Edict of Toleration for Christians. Thi s date is important because it symbolizes national acceptance of Christianity, and planted its roots as a political institution. Later the Roman Empire on the verge of internal collapse acknowledged the importance of Christianity and used it to hold together the remnants of it former self. This adoption of Christianity took form and eventually became the Catholic church.The church became intermingled with government activity and became a strong entity. The policies delivered from the church had more authority than the local rulers and magistrates of the developing feudal system. For example, St. Augustine wrote about war and what justified its enactment against fellow men. This policy was followed and adhered to for hundreds of age after St. Augustine wrote it. Another example, is the use of the Bible as a guideline for establishing governing systems. Scripture portrayed God as choosing the king of the people. The pope, being Gods exercise was then given the authority to crown th e king. This crowning process gave the pope large influence in the political arena. This ritual continued for a mo of centuries. The Crusades, which occurred around 1100 A.D., played a crucial role in challenging the churchs authority. The pope identifying the spread of Islam as evil requested all of Europe put down on a Crusade to defeat the infidels. As the battles were fought, great treasures were found in the form of books and knowledge. These books were crude translations of old Greek texts, containing information which would eventually say the waning of Church authority in the future.

The Contemporary Conflict of Values :: Morals Ethics Papers

The Contemporary Conflict of ValuesThe infringe betwixt determine is the source of many meshings and problems today. In contrast to the handed-down conflict of determine, the contemporary conflict is distinguished by these features (1) extensiveness (2) complicatedness (3) profoundness and (4) continuousness. The plurality and relativity of values is the primary cause of contemporary conflicts. The origin of pluralism lies in an interrelated trio of aspects commodity economy, democratic politics, and individualism. The contemporary conflict of values is a historical process. Such conflict does not necessarily result in confusion on the contrary, it cornerstone possibly lead to new and higher levels of harmony and vitality. In adjudicating value conflicts, we must (1) permit different values to coexist and respect different choices and the pursuits of values by different individuals (2) consider the whole and the individual, the entire and the part, the long-term and the short -term, and attempt to have regard for both sides of the conflict and (3) pursue the best and most suitable. 1.The conflict of values is not the unique phenomenon of our times but the common occurrence in both ancient and modern history. But the traditional conflict of values occurred largely in the moral realm, and its essence and focus lay in the conflict between individual and whole interests. In the premodern times there were likewise conflicts between various requirements of the same individual self, but this conflict was also moralized because personal life, either inner ideas or outeractions,were put into the scope of moral valuation. Furthermore, traditional morality was double-valued morality of good and evil, and only the requirements benefiting the whole or others was evaluated as moral. Therefore,the traditional conflict of values was in fact moral conflict between good and evil, and significance and function of morality just lay in adjusting and solving all those confli cts.Since the end of the 19th century,however,the conflict of values has become a universal phenomenon. In contrast with the traditional conflict of values, the contemporary conflict of values has four distinguishing charateristics(1) Extensiveness. Contemporary society is a legalized society, whose greatest difference from moralized traditional society is that such society merely regulates the starting point, not all of battalions action, and it does not regulate peoples ideology. Thus in traditional society there was most no possibility of choice in realms other than morality, while in contemporary society,in addition t law, there are many realms possible for people to choose, so that the conflict of values possibly may take place both in the legal realm and other realms.

Neuropathology of AIDS :: Health Medicine Medical Diseases Essays

Neuropathology of AIDSSince its discovery in 1981, AIDS has mainly been characterized as a disease effecting the bodying tolerant system. It has been recognized, however, that there be distinct neurological pathologies associated with the disease. AIDS neuropathology can be characterized by the existence of subcortical dementia, motor difficulties, and affective disorders. Most AIDS patients picture dementia of superstar form or another. It has been observed that approximately 95% of AIDS patients brains show signs of damage, and 60% of patients develop dementia of one degree or another. The AIDS computer virus is an RNA retrovirus which attaches to and infects T helper cells and other cells of the immune system. The virus normally goes through a typical lytic deportment cycle which is seen in the pathology of intimately viruses. Originally the HIV virus was associated wilt the CD4 receptor found on the immune cells, but it has been discovered that the OKT4 receptor is in any case a site of entry for the virus. This receptor is not only present in macrophages, but it is also found in glial cells of the CNS. There are basically three sites of entry where the HIV virus and infected macrophages can invade the CNS. The first is the blood brain barrier. If there is damage to the integrity of this barrier, the virus can easily pass into the brain tissue and proliferate. The second barrier is the blood CSF barrier. The choroid plexus males up this particular barrier, and the barrier is maintained by the existence of tight junctions. If there is a breakdown of these tight junctions, infected macrophages can pass from the blood into the CSF where they can pass to nearly any field of honor of the CNS. The final site of entry, and perhaps the most likely are the cicumventricular organs. This is the only site in the CNS where there is an absence of a barrier, and the macrophages carrying the virus are unloosen to pass through these. From here the virus can spread almost anywhere in the CNS, but they intend to infect areas near their site of entry. The most common initial symptom seen in neurological disorders related to AIDS is subcortical dementia. The cardinal feature of subcortical dementia include slowing of intellectual processes, progressive deterrent of memory, and deficits in manipulating or using spontaneously acquired information (i.e., poor problem solving). However, unlike the cortical dementias, higher-order associative function is preserved and intellectual impairment is milder in the subcortical dementias.

Natural Landscape :: Poetry, Painting

The Industrial Revolution raised concerns about the natural landscape when broad social and economic changes also generated increasing pollution across England. most the same time, ideas of naturalism (from French Philosophical writings) swept across Europe. They persuaded people to go back to records simple ways. Enlightenment theories of Reason disseminated ideas of nature as teacher and guide. However, landscape painting in England was unimportant at that time, compared to Portraiture or History Painting (Gardner 2009, pp 793). A passion for landscape artwork was advanced by the developments in road and rail infrastructure due to rapid industrialization. New thoughts on the Subjective associations of landscape painting with spirituality, Morals and school of thought were inspired by amorous poetry. 19th century Poetry epitomized sublime forces and mystical kinship with nature (Gardner 2009, pp 793). Landscape painting soon emerged, becoming a medium for a full range of consc ious and subconscious emotions it entered the realm of sublime and symbolic expressionThe Industrial Revolution which began in the middle of the seventeenth century brought vast social and economic change to the demographic landscape of Great Britain. This phenomenon later spread to the U.S. and Europe, affecting similar changes to (their) social and economic conditions (Wyatt 2009). The incline landscape was the scene of rapid physical transformation. Spinning mills loomed where once there was an unspoiled country side. The swift expansion of steel and mining industries rancid night into day. Days were turned into smog filled panoramas of gloom. An increase in wealth also brought with it physical problems caused by pollution and unhealthy working conditions. gauge 1 is a representation of an Industrial landscape at night. The strange glow of a coal furnace is contrasted against the natural light of the moon. The picture embraces an honest depicting of present conditions. Its dys topian context is symbolized by the contrast between a man-made industrial hell and natural landscape. The genre of landscape painting in England during the 18th century was not given as much brilliance as portrait painting or historical illustration. This hierarchy of genres (Langdon 2007) lost importance during the industrial revolution when people began to relate to the subjective impressions found in landscape painting.The subjective association of landscape with emotional meaning evolved when new sensibility to the world of nature inspired poets and writers. The pure force of natures metaphor compounded with poetic and prosaic imagery. One of Wordsworths first Romantic poems regrets the loss of mans spiritual union with nature.

African-americans In The South :: essays research papers

As a social and economic institution, slavery originated in the times when humans began farming instead of hunting and gathering. Slave fatigue became commonplace in ancient Greece and Rome. Slaves were created through the capture of enemies, the birth of children to slave parents, and means of punishment. Enslaved Africans represented many different peoples, each with distinct cultures, religions, and languages. Most originated from the lantern slide or the interior of West Africa, between present-day Senegal and Angola. Other enslaved peoples originally came from Madagascar and Tanzania in East Africa. Slavery became of major economic importance after the sixteenth part century with the European conquest of southeastward and Central America. These slaves had a great impact on the sugar and tobacco industries. A triangular trade channel was established with Europe for alcohol and firearms in exchange for slaves. The slaves were then traded with Americans for molasses and (later ) cotton. In 1619 the first black slave arrived in Virginia. The demands of European consumers for New World crops and goods helped provoke the slave trade. A strong family and community life helped sustain African Americans in slavery. People often chose their own partners, lived under the same roof, raised children together, and saved each other. Brutal treatment at the hands of slaveholders, however, threatened black family life. Enslaved women experienced sexual exploitation at the hands of slaveholders and overseers. Bondspeople lived with the constant fear of being sold away from their loved ones, with no chance of reunion. Historians estimate that most bondspeople were sold at least once in their lives. No event was more than traumatic in the lives of enslaved individuals than that of forcible separation from their families. People sometimes fled when they heard of an impending sale. During the 17th and 18th century enslaved African Americans in the Upper South mostly rai sed tobacco. In coastal South Carolina and Georgia, they harvested indigo for dye and grew rice, using agricultural expertise brought with them from Africa. By the 1800s rice, sugar, and cotton became the Souths leading cash crops. The patenting of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 made it possible for workers to gin separate the seeds from the fiber some 600 to 700 pounds daily, or ten times more cotton than permitted by hand. The Industrial Revolution, centered in Great Britain, quadrupled the demand for cotton, which soon became Americas leading export. Planters acute need for more cotton workers helped expand southern slavery.

Benford’s Law Essay

Benfords faithfulness, aka first-digit law, states that in lists of numbers of naturally occurring data, the leading digit is distributed in a specific, non-uniform way. In number sequences, most people assume that in a string of numbers sampled randomly all nine numbers would be equally potential for the leading digit. Benfords fair play states otherwise. He found that the number 1 will appear first about 30% of the time and the number 9 will only appear first around 4.5%. Naturally occurring can be anything from check amounts or stock prices to lengths of rivers.Benfords law is both plate invariant and base invariant. If something is scale invariant that means if you multiplied every number in the list by the same constant, it does not significantly agitate the distribution. For example, it does not matter whether the numbers are based on the dollar prices of stocks or their prices in Yen or Euros. Mathematicians have found that the larger and more varied the sampling of numbe rs from different data sets, the more closely the distribution of numbers approaches Benfords righteousness.Benfords Law does have limitations. Benfords Law does not apply to uniform or non-naturally occurring data sets. Examples of non-naturally occurring data sets are made up of pre-assigned numbers like zip codes or UPC numbers. Benfords law can only be applied to data that are distributed across multiple orders of magnitude. Moreover, if there is any cut-off which excludes a portion of the underlying data preceding(prenominal) a maximum value or below a minimum value, then the law will not apply.Benfords law has many applications. some(prenominal) countries, states, large corporations and accounting firms use come upion software based on Benfords Law. Benfords Law is used in the accounting profession to detect fraud. It can be a powerful and simple tool for detecting frauds, embezzlers, tax evaders, inaccurate accounting and computer glitches. Dr. Mark Nigrini used Benfords Law to test the first digit in approximately 170,000 IRS model files. Dr. Nigrini found that these lines follow Benfords Law very closely. He then used Benfords Law on fraudulent data taken from Kings County, New York District Attorneys Office. The fraudulent data consisted of cash disbursements and payrolls, none of which followed Benfords Law. In general, Dr. Nigrini found that fraudulent or concocted data have far less numbers beginning with 1 and far more numbers beginning with 6 than true data do.

Contract and Hire Purchase Act

1. What argon the principles below the doctrine of binding occasion? When it comes to deciding on fountain, judges do non decide solely on their own. They are bound to follow certain accepted principles which are commonly known as the doctrine of binding precedent. The doctrine of binding precedent required that like cases decided alike. If a case now in front the court has facts and raises issues similar to those of a previously decided case, then the demo case will be decided in the same way as the earlier one.In this way, the earlier case, referred to as a precedent will establish provided a legal basis on which the latter case and subsequent cases could be decided. Generally, lower courts are bound to follow the decisions of courts higher than them in the same hierarchy. If the judge fails to follow a binding precedent, the decision of the said judge will be legally wrong and it may be reversed on appeal or overruled in a later case. Below is how The Doctrine wreaks in Malaysia. The court system in Malaysia, was last restructured by the Constitution (Amendment) solve 1994.The represent court structure, which has been in force since then, is as follows * The national Court stands at the apex of the Malaysian court system. It is headed by the Chief Justice. * Below the Federal Court is the Court of Appeal. This court is headed by the President of the Court of Appeal. * Below the Court of Appeal are two luxuriously Courts with co-ordinate jurisdiction. One is the High Court of Malaya which serves Peninsula Malaysia, while the other is the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak, which serves East Malaysia, i. e. Sabah and Sarawak.Each of the High Courts is headed by a Chief Judge. * Below the High Courts are the Subordinate Courts, the highest of which are the Sessions Courts, each of which is headed by a Sessions Court Judge. * Below the Sessions Courts are the Magistrates Courts, each of which is presided over by a magistrate. Parallel to the Magis trates Court is the Juvenile Court (Court For Children) which is as well presided over by a magistrate. * In Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) there are provisions for Penghulus Courts on a lower floor the Magistrates Courts.These are headed by a penghulu or village headman. He has very limited jurisdiction and usually deals with local disputes in an informal manner. However, in practice, these courts hardly function. * There are also the Native Courts and the Syariah Courts. These courts operate only at the State level. The Native Courts exist only in Sabah and Sarawak and they deal with native rights while the Syariah Courts deal with matters pertaining to Islamic uprightness in the respective(prenominal) states. 2. Does quiet amount to acceptance? Kindly support your answer with evidence.Silence does not necessarily indicate that there is acceptance. However, there are exceptional instances where silence may amount to acceptance itself. The rationale behind this general ru le is based on the idea that acceptance must(prenominal) take some form of butt manifestation of the offerees intention though some form of positive implement. This is to ensure that no one should be able to enforce a exact upon an un spontaneous party. Based on theatrical role 3 of the Contract influence 1950 provides that acceptance must be made in the manner prescribed by the offer.However, based on Section 7(b) of the Contract Act 1950 states that when the acceptor deviates from the prescribed manner, the offeror must not keep silent. If he does so and fails to insist upon prescribed manner, he is considered as having accepted the modified manner. For instance, refer to the below case of Felthouse v. Bindley (1826) Case Felthouse v. Bindley (1826) 11 CB (NS) 869 142 ER 1037 * The plaintiff had discussed with his nephew, John, on the obtain of a horse be to John, and wrote to him, offering to buy his horse and added, If I hear no more from him, I consider his horse is mi ne at ? 0 15s. However, John did not reply. * Six weeks later, John, whilst selling his faming stock, told the auction offeer to keep the horse out of the sale as he planned to reserve the horse for his uncle. But the auctioneer exchange it by mistake. The plaintiff then sued the auctioneer. * Held There was no acceptance of the plaintiffs proposal by John. Therefore, the plaintiff had no right to impose upon his nephew a sale of his horse by silence. However, there are exceptions to this, and a strong case to find for silence mounting to acceptance is when the offeree explicitly states that he wants his silence to be regarded as an acceptance. Using the above case of Felthouse v. Bindley (1826), if the fact is twist by saying that complainant and John have communicated with each other rough the sale of the horse, and John told Plaintiff that he should write him a note about the sale of the horse, and if Plaintiff does not receive any reply from him, Plaintiff can assume that J ohn has agreed to the sales. In such an instance, should John not replying to Plaintiff, acceptance may be found and a binding, enforceable signalize may be found.Hence, communication becomes effective when it has been communicated. 3. A shape must be comely. Do you agree with the statement? Is a contract without adequate consideration void? Support your answer with cases and statuses whenever necessary. I do not agree with the statement above as consideration need not be adequate but must be sufficient. There is no requirement that the consideration must be at market value, as long as the promisee provides something in value in example ? 2 for an exchange of a car would be valid. The courts are not concerned the adequacy.For example, we may refer to the below case of Chappell & Co v. Nestle (1960) Case Chappell & Co v. Nestle (1960) Nestle had a special offer involving if client sent in 1s6d and three coffee bars wrappers, they would get a record of a song called Rockin Shoes. Chappell & Co who owned the copyright of the song has brought an action for breaches of copyright and claimed royalties. Nestle willing to pay the royalties at 6. 25% of 1s6d however Chappell and Co argued that it should be include the chocolate wrappers although Nestle thrown it away after they received it.The court held that consideration must be sufficient but need to be adequate hence, the chocolate wrappers were part of consideration as it was part to increase sales and provided value. Therefore, Chappell & Co granted the injunction and Nestle could not sell the records. Under the Malaysian Law, explanation 2 to Section 26 of Contract Act 1950 provides that an engagement to which the hold of the promiser is not void however because the consideration is inadequate but the inadequacy will be question by the court whether the consent of the promisor is freely given.The illustration (f) to Section 26 of Contracts Act 1950 clearly states the application of the rule A agrees to sell a horse worth RM1,000 for Rm10. As consent to the agreement was freely given. The agreement is a contract notwithstanding the inadequacy of the consideration. This was illustrated in the case of Phang Swee Kim v. Beh I Hock (1964), the responders solicitor notified the appellant that she had trespassed on the said land and claimed for vacant possession and for an account of all income received by her from the land. In May 1963, the respondent instituted an action against her claiming the relief stated.The appellant counter-claimed for a declaration that she was entitled to the said land. At the hearing, the appellant contented that there was an oral agreement made between her and the respondent in which the respondent agreed to transfer the land to her on payment of $500 in 1958. The learned trial judge accepted her evidence, but held that the agreement is void due to inadequacy of consideration. However, on appeal the Federal Court held that by virtue explanation 2 to Section 26 of Contracts Act 1950, there was adequate consideration as being no evidence of misrepresentation or fraud.The appellant was therefore entitled to the declaration sought by her. 4. Is an invitation to slightness an offer? Support your answer with cases, whenever necessary. An invitation to hide is not the same as an offer. In order for binding contract to be formed, there must be an offer and an acceptance of that offer. An invitation to treat is sometimes mistaken for an offer. There are many similarities between an invitation to treat and offer, making the distinction can be difficult.A good way of looking at the difference between the two terms is that an offer is a definite promise to be bound on specific terms, whereas an invitation to treat is only an indication that someone is prepared to receive offers with the view of forming a binding contract. Thus, the distinction turns on the specificity of the offer and the degree of vagueness or conditionality attached to it. Th e main situation where an invitation is mistaken for an offer is in advertising. Advertising is not an offer, but rather an attempt to induce offers. Advertising is therefore classed under contract law of nature as an invitation to treat.Only when the customer offers to pay for the goods at the advertised price has an offer been made. Similarly, the exhibition of good for sale can be broken in as an offer when really it is an invitation to treat. When goods are displayed in a store this constitutes invitation to customers to make offers to purchase the items. Another situation is in auction sales. At an auction the bid itself is an offer then the auctioneer can either accept or reject the offer. Refer below list of cases of invitation to treat - * An auctioneer inviting bids offers an invitation to treat when a bidder makes a bid.Case Payne v. Cave (1789) In this case, the defendant made the highest bid for the plaintiffs goods at an auction sale, but he withdrew his bid onwards the fall of the auctioneers hammer. It was held that the defendant was not bound to purchase the goods. His bid amounted to an offer, which he was entitled to withdraw at any time before the auctioneer signified acceptance by knocking down the hammer. * When a customer puts goods in basket, he or she makes an offer. Case Pharmaceutical Society of spacious Britain v. Boots Cash Chemists Lts (1952)Certain brand name medicines were displayed for sale in a self service store. The issue arose as to when and where the sale of the medicines took place. The reason this was an important issue was because the drugstore and Poisons Act 1933 S 18(1) provided that it was unlawful to sell such medicines unless the sale is effected by, or under the supervision of, a registered pharmacist. If the sale took place when the customer put the medicines in her shopping basket the sale would not take place under the supervision of, a registered pharmacist because a pharmacist was present at the checko ut desk.The issue here is before the court was when did the sale tale place? Was it when the customer put the medicines in her shopping basket or was it when the customer presented the goods to the cashier? The court held that the sale took place when the customer presented the goods to the cashier. The placing of the medicines in the shopping basket has no contractual significance. It was not even an invitation to treat since there had been no communication between the shopper and the shop. The contract would only be made at the cashiers desk. The display of goods in a shop by shopkeeper is an invitation to treat. Case Fisher v. Bell (1961) A shopkeeper was convicted of offering for sale a flick poke contrary to the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 S 1(1) he had displayed the knife in his shop window. The shopkeeper appealed. The issue here is, before the court was whether the shopkeeper was offering a flick knife for sale. On the appeal the shopkeeper was acquitted of o ffering a flick knife for sale. Before the magistrates court he was actually convicted of offering the knife for sale.This case shows that goods on display are inviting customers to make an offer to buy them from the shopkeeper. In other words goods on display in a shop are an invitation to treat not an offer to buy. * Supply of information is an invitation to treat. It is considered to be in the process of negotiation and not a define offer to sell. Case Harvey v. Facey (1893) The potential buyer, Harvey, sent a conducting wire to the seller Facey, asking Will you sell us Bumper Hall Pen? Telegraph lowest cash price. Facey responded by telegram Lowest price for Bumper Hall Pen ? 900. Harvey later eplied We agree to buy Bumper Hall Pen for the sum of nine hundred pounds asked by you. Please range us your title deed in order that we may get early possession, but received no response. Harvey brought an action to enforce the contract. The court held a contract for the sale of the property could only have been concluded of Facey accepted Harveys final telegram. Facey had not said that he would sell the property and had merely stated the lowest price he was willing to sell at. Harvey could not imply Faceys telegram was an offer to sell as this must be expressy given.In essence, a price quotation of itself does not amount to an offer but is merely an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is quite literally an invitation to another party to negotiate, which does not draw out an intention of being bound. Hence, an invitation to treat is a tool to get negotiations going and show the terms which one party may be willing to accept, as opposed to an offer in which one party is prepared to be legally bound by upon acceptance. 5. What is the definition of contract of sale of goods under the law?A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the seller agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a consideration called the price, consisting whol ly or part of money. Where, by virtue of one or more contracts, a person has agreed for value to bail goods to a bailee on such terms that the property in the goods will or may at the option of the bailee pass to the bailee then, for the purposes of this Act, that person is deemed to have agreed to transfer the property in goods to the bailee, and the bailor shall be deemed to be the seller and the bailee shall be deemed to be the buyer.There may be contract of sale between one part owner and another. Thus, a contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. 6. Does the Hire Purchase Act cover all hire purchase transaction? The Hire Purchase Act does not in actuality cover all hire-purchase transaction. Hire Purchase agreement is used by Financial Institutions to fund the purchase of consumer goods (goods purchased for personal, family and household purposes), vehicles and other railway line equipment and industrial machinery.In Malaysia, the legislation governing hire purchase tra nsaction is the Hire Purchase Act 1976, which came into force on 11 April 1968 after hire purchase became popular in the acquisition of expensive consumer goods such as cars, business equipment and industrial machinery. In respect of goods not specified in the First memorial of the Hire Purchase Act, the parties are free to contract outside the provision of the Act or agree to be bound by the provisions. However, the First scroll may be amended by the Minister concerned from time to time. 7. i) What is the main legislation governing partnership in Malaysia? In Malaysia the governing law that addresses partnership matters is provided in the Partnership Act 1961 (Act 135) (ii) What is the statutory definition of partnership as provided under the Malaysian Law? Partnership is defined by Section 3(1) of the Partnership Act 1961 as the relation, which subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit. No person may be a partner with himself. There must be at least two or more persons to form a partnership.

Coach Inc. case analysis Essay

bus topology, Inc. is an upscale Ameri dissolve welt bang-ups company k with disclose delayn for womens and mens bagfuls, as healthy as items such as luggage, briefcases, w bothets and opposite accessories (belts, shoes, scarves, umbrella). The firm was founded in 1941, in a loft in New York as a partnership called the Gail Manufacturing Company. As of July 2, 2011, the company ope grade in over 20 countries with much(prenominal)(prenominal) than 1,100 retail fetes and around 15,000 employees worldwide. Today, busbar Inc. has distribution, crossway outgrowth and prime(prenominal) hold operations in the US, France, Italy, Japan, Hong Kong, China and South Korea. From 2001 to 2011, take aim launched a series of activities to take majuscule control over the scrape in the Asian trade places, and it as well accelerated its European expansion with the help of its European joint venture partner in 2011. Continuous innovation and affordable price ar both keys for posture to conduct international business. In channelition, owing to its multi-channel retail communicate, equipage, Inc. has mastery teemingy deepen its check off image all over the world. Luxury goods assiduity is broad(prenominal)ly rivalrous collect to a low mart place-entry barrier. It has catchd ups and downs during the 2000s. And in recent years, the manufacture has recovered and developed rapidly. More and more(prenominal) lavishlyschool life goods lodges have expand their operations in emerging securities industrys through Internet and e-commerce. The future outlook of this patience is optimistic. The competitions in the extravagance goods industry atomic number 18 pretty in cardinalse.Many contenders of groom are from France and Italy such as Louis Vuitton, Herms, Gucci, and Prada. Having superior instigator recognitions and strong impacts on worldwide prodigality goods market make them become dangerous rivals of Coach, Inc. Even though Coach I nc. has come up with good outline, it still suffered from harsh competition. The wage margin was still below the level achieved prior to the onset of a decrease economy in 2007 and its share price had experienced a sharp decline during the beginning(a) six months of 2012. Due to the changing environment and harsher competition, it was not clear(p) whether the companys recent egression could be sustained and its competitive advantage could hold in the strikingness of innovative social high life lines launched by such aggressive and successful luxury stigmatizes as Michael Kors, Salvatore Therefore, I recommend that Coach thinks about spending m sensationy working on TV commercials, or cooperating with some world-famous jewelry crisscrosss to raise the brand awareness. It in any case desires toconsider expanding in China so as to cut down operating expenses and come apart impinge on the Chinese nodes exploitation needs. oral sex 1. What are the defining characterist ics of the luxury goods industry? What is the industry like? Economics de bonny a luxury good as mavin for which demand emergence as income meliorater.Luxury goods are said to have high income elasticity of demand as people become wealthier, they go forth corrupt more and more of the luxury good. This also put across, however, that should there be a decline in income its demand will drop. Unlike inferior goods, they are related to price and high-income individuals. A luxury corporation may establish its image via pricing, exclusivity, limited availability, quality and location. High pricing gives the merchandise its prestigious nature, and implies high quality. Luxuries may be wait ons. The hiring of full-time or live-in domestic servants is a luxury reflecting disparities of income. Some financial run, especially in some brokerage houses, can be considered luxury service by default because persons in lower-income brackets generally do not use them. Luxury brands in gener al, relied on creative intentions, high quality, and brand repute to attract customers and build brand loyalty. Price sensitivity for luxury goods was driven by brand exclusivity, customer-centric marketing, and to astronomic fulfilment some emotional find of status and value. The luxury goods market has been on an upward climb for umteen years. The market for luxury goods was divided into three main categories haute-couture, traditional luxury, and the growing submarket social luxury. At the apex of the market was haute couture with it really high-end custom product offering that catered to the passing wealthy.Luxury goods manufacturers believed diffusion brands lower profit margins were offset by the chance for increased sales volume and the growing sizing of the favorable luxury market and nurtureed margins on such products by sourcing production to low-wage countries. Eye-catching utilization of their products by prominent figures in society takes to increasing deman ds for luxury good items and it is a growing industry with the worldwide luxury goods market growing 9% per year. These consumers buy their products for satisfaction and to win their self-esteem sort of than for ease or comfort. All these components blend in the context of a successful business of the luxury goods. The industry has performed well, grouchyly in 2000. In that year, the world luxury goods market which includes drinks, invent, enhancives, fragrances, watches, jewelry, luggage, billfolds. The luxury-goods business needs people to feel good about spending money.The luxury goods industry is global in scope. In 2005, Italy (27%), Replica Armani Swiss France (22%), Switzerland (19%), US (14%) controlled a combined 82% of the worldwide luxury goods industry sales. In 2006, the industry was expected to grow by 7%. Much of this growth can be attributed to increasing income and wealth in growth European countries, China, and flips in consumer buying habits. Additionally , the entry of big box terminuss into the distribution chain has opened the market to optic-income consumers, who earn substantially less that the $300,000 household. The luxury goods industry is under drastic change and at diametrical levels. This has an impact on Coachs business because they have two different types of stores.Two different types of stores of CoachOn one hand they have factory stores who sell at a discounted price and on the other hand they have full-priced stores or flagship stores which cater to higher(prenominal) end consumers. While the factory stores are being hit by the American financial crisis due to the lack of disposable income for the middle class, full-price stores or flagship stores have brighter future with an increasing number of millionaires.Question 2. What is competition like in the luxury goods industry? What competitive forces involvem to have the great consequence on industry attractiveness? What are the competitive weapons that rivals ar e using to try to outmaneuver one another in the marketplace? Is the stones throw of rivalry quickening and becoming more intense? Why or why not? The competition in the luxury goods is very strong. The financial crisis (2007-2009) had a great effect on the luxury goods industry.This led to a long decline in sale in United States, Japan and Europe. Therefore, the competition in old market and especially emerging market is extremely intensive. In the emerging market (China, India and Southeast Asia), from 2% of industry sales in 2001, they had 20% of industry sale in 2011. Thousands of companies compete in this fields, which are mainly fromItaly, France, Swiss and United states. According to Merrill Lynch, the most valuable luxury brands in price of annual revenues in 2011 were Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Hermes and Cartier. The competition in the luxury goods industry is extremely intense due to a low market-entry barrier, that is, not all the corporations in this industry can give gr eat achievements. Many companies had to with suckle from the market because of being short of effective follow-up financial support. Nowadays, this industry provides services for two types of clients to the demythologised consumers, some companies choose to offer affordable luxury goods which are classic styles and wont be outdated for a long time and to the fashion-conscious customers, visual modality of firms try to supply higher-priced products whose designs are keeping up with the bare-assedlyest fashion trends. Luxury goods industry has experienced ups and downs during the 2000s. The worlds top brands such as Louis Vuitton, Gucci, and Hermes all generated benefits of more than 100% at the end of 1999. In 2000, the industry keep opend performing well in the global financial markets. However, the changes took place in the followers years.Luxury goods industry was strongly impacted by the adverse effects of wars, diseases, and global economical recession. Fortunately, it so on started recovering with the support of its loyal customers who were eager to buy luxuries to demonstrate their wealth and status. Recently, with the rapid development of Internet and e-commerce, more and more luxury goods corporations have successfully marketed their products in emerging markets. And they will constantly optimize their goods and services to meet the international customers higher demands in the future. So on the basis of above analysis, luxury goods industry is promising. Coach Inc. is the biggest name of luxury goods in the United States. Coachs market share in the U.S. bagfuls market fell from 19% to 17.5% between 2011 and 2012. This share was loosely grabbed by competitor Michael Kors, whose market share has risen from 4.5% to 7% in the same period. This discouraging trend hasnt been reversed in the past year as comparable store sales fell by round 15% in the holiday quarter. This drop in sales was due to lower traffic in Coachs stores as shoppers were turn ed off by the lack of online flash sales over the quarter. Sales have now fallen for the third solid quarter in succession and management expects sales to fall further in the second half of the fiscal year. The bright spots for Coach in thisquarter were sales in China, which were up by 25%, and the sales of handbags priced above $400, in North America.The disappointing thing for the company is that these high-priced handbags enti affirm comprise about a fifth of their handbag products and this means that the company is losing out to competitors on nearly 80% of their product lines in this division. The main competitor of Coach in the US is Michael Kors, having grown its revenues between 58% and 67% in the last three years, posted a revenue growth of 59% in the holiday quarter. This growth is an ominous sign for Coach as Michael Kors hasnt reached its full store capacity yet. The store count for Michael Kors stood at 284 by the end of the previous quarter or approximately 70% of it s stated long term target of 400 stores. Without having reached its full store capacity yet, it is manageable that Michael Kors isnt meeting the full demand for its products and there is still potential room for growth. This is a challenging scenario for Coach. One of the competitive forces that have a great effect on industry attractiveness is the threat of unfermented entrants and how hard it is to build up a brand name that can compete with the likes of Coach, Louis Vuitton, dolce & Gabbana, and Versace. It takes deep financial pockets and great commitment to create luxury image with well-known brand and superior quality.Thus making it costly for unsanded entrants to gain exposure and market share. Luxury items are known for their superior quality and to some people, the status that they carry. New entrants must build this status from the ground up, which can prove difficult without sufficient resources. Even if new competitors enter the luxury goods market with high quality p roducts, they cannot compete with established fashion brands easily. Another competitive force can be the bargaining power with suppliers. A high end lash producer would like to be linked to the luxurious brand names of Coach and Louis Vuitton. The power industry members have over suppliers is in favor of the globally known luxury brand which is known to produce quality goods. Competitors use many weapons to beat the competitors in the luxury goods industry. The competitive weapons that rivals are using to try to outmaneuver one another in the marketplace mostly lie in the mode of pricing and offering economy levels of products. high quality is a must use weapon in the luxury industry.Higher quality is one of the most important weaponsFirst is to hire celebrities to build a stronger brand image to help sell products and obtain a higher status. For instance Louis Vuitton, who utilizes celebrities such as Jennifer Lopez, Uma Thurman, and Naomi Campbell to promote its brand image, Or other brand name, Gucci, use Camilla Belle, Salma Hayes or Brad Pitt for publicize their name. Introducing new fashion trends and product innovation is another weapon used in the luxury industry. Big brands such as Hermes always held a fashion take the stand annually in France to promote their late trends, and many people follow this trend to feel more confident and fashionable. But perhaps the most unmarked weapon is customer service, where some industry members are failing. According to the Luxury Institute, more than half of luxury store shoppers are unhappy with their shopping experience and that could lead to losing customers. Providing superior customer service like companies such as Giorgio Armani, who topped the Luxury Institutes research, can not exclusively lead to customer satisfaction but brand loyalty as well.The pace of rivalry quickening and becoming more intense nowadays. No companies want to nod off their market shares. All of them have the impressive strategy to develop and pass their competitors. Moreover, the globalization makes a chance for the product can easily export and import, accordingly they can reach to emerging market with new customers, such as China, Southeast Asia or India. Moreover, the handbag market encompasses dynamic players and an expanding consumer base, which is expected to flourish due to increasing demand from emerging markets and strong movements by the international luxury brands. It is true that the rivalry is quickening and becoming more intense because not yet the differences between the companies are becoming less but also because the market is expanding by a great pace and it is important to engulf a erupt part of the market share to maintain sustainability.Question 3. How is the market for luxury handbags and flog accessories changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those driving forces change the industry? The market for the luxury handbags and leather accessories is highly competitive. Recently, Coach Inc. is the market leader in the US market. But the market for luxury handbags and leather accessories is now changing rapidly because of many reasons.Firstly, the middle class is expanding and become younger and they are gaining disposable income to spend on luxury goods with different agendas than previous generations. Secondly, they also have different perspective on change, financial smarts, and have a very strong opinion and style on dressing up. Industry members need to account for the differences between the two, specifically how these differences reach their luxury goods buying habits. Finally, there has been the change in generations. The change from Generation X to Generation Y consumers has arrived and they are gaining disposable income to spend on luxury goods with different agendas than previous generations.Coach was founded in 1941 and began producing ladies handbags with simple and extremely resilient to wear and tear, but over the adja cent 40 years, Coach was able to grow at a steady rate by setting prices about 50 pct lower than those of more luxurious brands, adding new models and establishing accounts with retailers such as Bloomingdales and Saks Fifth Avenue. In 1996, Reed Krakoff a top Tommy Hilfiger designer as a Coachs new creative director believed new products should be based upon market research rather than designers instincts about what would sell, so the design process launched new collections any month to be satisfy with customers. By 2000, the changes to Coachs strategy and operations built the brand into a sizeable lead in the accessible luxury segment of the leather handbags and accessories industry and made it a solid performer in Sara downwinds business lineup. Therefore, the market for luxury handbags and leather accessories has changed through time from the beginning to now, also the changing has depended on both the favor of customers and the difference from existing handbags to be unique ladies Coachs handbags and new creative monthly collections. The value of the global personal luxury goods market was reported at $191 million for 2011 by Bain & Co. up 10% from the previous year. In the same report luxury leather goods are estimated at $28 billion for 2011. Luxury leather goods are a rapidly growing category, with a 16% growth from 2010 to 2011.The leather goods category is at times also grouped with luggage, with bags, wallets and purses accounting for 57.1% of the global luggage and leather. The market for luxury handbags is rapidly growing in the U.S., which has helped Coach a great deal, seeing that 36% of its revenues come from handbags as seeing in Exhibit 4 (C-77). From 2002 to 2006 the overall market size for U.S. handbags grew doubled and has been amain contributor for Coachs growth personally. Some analyst believe that this can be linked to consumers trading up from brands such as Banana Republic and DKNY, opus others link it to the rise in wealth. The world is now full of information. This gives consumers some bargaining leverage. With the internet and other technological advances, consumers are well informed and can know the latest fashion trends at the click of a button. A research done in 2007, surveyed 7,705 college students in the US and their findings were that 97% owned a computer, 94% owned cell phones, 34% use websites as primary sources for news, and 28% write blogs. This means that a humongous majority of the new generation is heavily entrenched in technology and able to do extensive research on their products originally making purchases. They not only have internet search engines like Google or Yahoo, but they have each other to communicate from an end consumers perspective. There are even websites set up to talk about the experience when buying luxury goods found at Style.com.Style.com Leading US fashion websiteThe demand for customer service is also increasing. When paying a lot of money, they want superior cust omer service, not the average one. The customers pay a high price, whether it is for quality or status, they expect to get their moneys worth. Because more and more people demand luxury goods, they demand better customer service along with it. With the demand for customer service becoming more apparent, industry members can expect a more intense competition in regards to customer service to satisfy this demand. Also, changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles hold still fors another industry driving force for a number of reasons. First, changing preferences by middle class consumers towards luxury goods inevitably created a new segment in accessible luxury goods. Without the changes in the way these consumers thought about the brands and wanting to own something more elect(ip) without having an elite price tag, Coach (among other companies) was able to capitalize on this opportunity. With new accessories coming out in all shapes and sizes both day, it is absolutely in nate that firms keep in tune with changes in the external environment peculiarly with ones consumers. Last, but not least, there is an increasing demand on services on customers in the luxury goods industry sothat customers are willing to pay more money to receive good services with high prices, whether it is for quality or status.There are many other drivers of the luxury goods market as mentioned below Tourists are changing their consumption habits, seeking out new destinations (e.g., Dubai, South East Asia, Australia) and showing more savvy in the items they purchase Each year, more HENRYs (High Earnings, Not Rich Yet) become potential customers, with ten times as many HENRYs as ultra-affluent individuals The rise of the middle class in emerging countries is polarizing the competitive arena, becoming a new baby amplify sized generation for luxury brands to target. Absolute luxury items (consisting of high-end products with no logo, highest quality squares, and exquisite craft smanship) lead the way Despite some recovery of spending on apparel, leather goods and other accessories will continue growing faster than other categories Watch consumption has sharply decelerated as retailers de-stock and as Chinese luxury consumers silent their purchasing Cosmetics are slowing down in mature markets, while still delivering growth in emerging markets High consumer confidence among the affluent, increased store openings in American cities, and intensive investment in linking physical and digital shopping are all fueling United States sales growth.The impact of 12 percent sales growth across Central and South America (notably Brazil and Mexico) will result in overall growth of quintuple to septet percent in the Americas In Asia, growth in China is stabilizing to an expected seven percent, while South East Asia will experience 20 percent growth driven by a wave of new store openings, and increasing strength and relevance of second-tier markets Japan returns to a s trong growth story of five percent as the countrys monetary policy depreciates the yen and pushes local consumption Europe clay a challenge for the industry as tourism slows, as tourists spend less per visit, and as Europeans, especially in southern Europe, curtail spendingBain expects flat-to-two percent growth put East is growing at a steady pace, with Dubai continuing as the center of gravity and the only city attracting foreign luxury consumers (e.g. Russians, Indians, Africans) There has been many changes such as changes in who buys the product, changes in industrys long-term growth rate, changes in cost and efficiency The driving forces can change the industry by1. Superior customer experienceLuxury will depend more than ever on word-of- mouth promoters who share their delight with products and experiences Consumers expect every interaction in stores, online, and on mobile devices to be premium, differentiated, and targeted to their tastes and preferences Marketing must mai ntain a persistent drumbeat of innovation in media and messaging to keep consumers connected to whats new.2. Flawless retail managementPhysical and digital storefronts are accelerating their arms race for offering more compelling engagement to wow the luxury shopper The era of the disengaged, formal shopping experience is ending. Shoppers now expect inviting and personalized service to welcome them into the store As store networks grow into new markets and tap new segments, the bar is raised for ensuring the right products are in the right stores in the right quantities.3. People excellenceBrands are investing more in top management talent from strategy to finance to supply chain to back office operations The store employee serves as brands direct face to shoppers, with brands expending authoritative resources on training and development of people on the front lines Luxury players are more and more putting the customer first in their strategies.Question 4. What key factors determi ne the success of makers of fine ladies handbags and leather accessories? There are many key factors that determine the success of makers of fine ladies handbags and leather accessories including these following elements Coach, Inc. has consistently fashioned their product line to coexist with the newest styles and seasons. This Spring Coach is introducing a new scribble line that consists of a poly cotton material and bright colors. These new products were tested at fifteen stores and were enormously well received, says CEO Lew Frankfort. Coach Inc. is expecting to increase sales in February thanks to the new scribble line and Valentines Day. In an effort to keep up with the broadening competition Coach, Inc. has is planning to add up to nine more stores in the United States along with two more in Japan. Coach Inc. sales have beenhelped by the recent innovative accessories such as the PDA leather holder. The diverse product line consists of womens handbags, key fobs, belts, electro nics accessories, cosmetic cases, gloves, hats, scarves, watches, shoes, and sunglasses. By having a king-size product line, it allows for the company to diversify and differentiate. Similarly, Coach frequently introduces new products which are indicative of a commitment to diversifying its product lines.Coachs diverse product lineThanks to the changes to Coachs strategy and operations to build a sizeable lead in the accessible luxury segment of the leather handbags and accessories industry a solid performer in Sarah Lees business lineup, in October 2000, spinning off Coach through an IPO is a part of a restructuring initiative designed to focus the corporation on food and beverages. Therefore, Coach Inc. proved the ability to manufacture high quality products while increasing margins by outsourcing production to lower cost markets and Coach did in having around 80% of its products outsourcing in 2000. The evidence for that is the quadrupled growth in annual sales was from $555 mil lion in 1999 to more than $4.2 billion in 2012, reflecting their success in identifying and capitalizing quickly on opportunities for growth. The coach brand is one of the most recognized handbag and accessory brands in the World. Coach is committed to leading the fine accessories market by designing and producing the finest quality of accessories including handbags, luggage, travel accessories, wallets, outerwear, eyewear, gloves, scarves, and fine jewelry for both men and women. Using a multi-channel distribution strategy Coach is forthwith able to have 200 stores in the United States alone with locations in eighteen countries outside the United States, as well as a full colored catalogue and an online store at www.coach.com.Online store of CoachA well-known and well-respected brand name is clear advertising. The Luxury Institute rated Coachs advertisements atop their ranking for print advertisements in regards to the overall Luxury Ad Effectiveness Index in 2006. Wealthy consume rs said that Coachs message were bold and to thepoint and extremely eye catching with its use of black and white photography and lack of other distractions. Coach is very strong when it comes to brand image. As indicated by the case, Coach held a 25 percent share of the U.S. luxury handbag market and was the second best-selling brand in Japan, with an 8% market share. To earn strong market share, Coach offers a winning combination of styling, quality, and pricing that fundamentally operates off the premise that they would target the new accessible luxury goods segment. in addition strong brand image, Coach also possesses strong distribution capabilities. For example, in the United States, Coach products could be found in approximately 900 section stores, 218 Coach full-price stores, and 86 Coach factory outlet stores in addition to sales generate from their website. Essentially a strong distribution network allows for Coach to fructify their luxury goods as accessible (without ta rnishing their image). Coach has since it has distribution, product development, and quality control in the United States, Italy, Hong Kong, China, and South Korea. Coach before long uses a multi-channel distribution strategy. The products are sold through direct mail catalogs, on-line store, e-commerce websites, 200 retail stores and its 76 factory stores.The catalog has had increasingly popularity and has been an important advertising and sales tool for Coach, both domestically and abroad. In addition, Coach launched its online store at www.coach.com. Coach has also spread to various retailers and departments stores to increase sales. To improve and market the brand, boutiques have been set up in the department stores. Through this distribution strategy and advertising campaign Coach has become one of the most well recognized brands in the United States and is rapidly gaining recognition internationally, especially in Japan. With an established global brand, strong demand for inn ovation in technology remains high, Coach has introducing a new collection on a monthly basis. For example, Coach utilizes its website to generate sales worldwide. While some businesses think that web development is easy, maintaining a sophisticated website on a global scale that not only considers cultural elements, language, and product lines, can be a daunting task. Besides web development, Coach also needs strong technology to maintain quality controlwith its product lines. Because Coachs products are luxury goods, consumers essentially expect quality with minimal defects.By maintaining and continuously investing in technology in order to innovate products and minimize defects, Coach not only assures quality to their customers, but also justifies their premium prices over one of the major problems facing all luxury goods knockoffs. Coach is, Americas number one accessible luxury accessories brand, and the fastest growing imported handbag and accessory brand in Japan. Without ma rketing and design it would not be possible for Coach to receive such distinguished titles. In 2004 marketing and design costs reached 63.5 million. As a result Coach was able to penetrate new markets such as Japan and strengthen their position in existing ones. Coach recently announced the next phase of its growth strategy Japan. It involves capitalization on the significant growth opportunity that exists with the domestic Japanese consumers. The company expects sales to more than double during the next four years to over 80 billion yen by 2009. Furthermore, Coach announced that it is strengthening its leadership team at Coach Japan, or CJI, later this spring.Coach will also add two executives who will be responsible for all Coach retail and factory store strategy and operations. In addition, CJI will shortly be announcing the conflict of its first Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, a new position for the company. The Chief Operating Officer will spearhead logis tics initiatives as well as oversee administrative, finance and information technology functions. To sum up, to determine the success of makers of luxury handbags and leather accessories, Coach need to have the significant key factors which there are the ability to manufacture high quality products while increasing margins by outsourcing production to lower cost markets, strong brand image, strong global distribution capabilities, diverse product line and strong innovative technology.Question 5. What is Coachs strategy to compete in the ladies handbag and leather accessories industry? Has the companys competitive strategy yielded a sustainable competitive advantage? If so, has that advantage translated into superior financial and market performance? 1. Coachs strategy to compete in the ladies handbag and leather accessories. Coachs strategy isto offer distinctive, easy recognizable luxury products that were extremely well made and provided excellent value. The company has used the b est-cost strategy. The companys array of products included ladies handbags, leather accessories such as key forbs, electronic accessories, and cosmetic cases. Coach pursues this strategy by many ways Coach positioned its brand in the lower part of the accessible and affordable luxury pyramid.This particular market provides a larger opportunity relatives to that of more exclusive brands. Coach targeted the top 20 percent of Americans by households income, as opposed to the top 3 to 5 percent targeted by most European luxury brands. Coach has focused on sales in China, Japan and the United States because these three countries lead global luxury goods spending. Coach has flexible sourcing. All of Coachs production was outsourced to contract manufacturers, with vendors in China accounting for 85 percent of its products requirements. Vendors located in Vietnam and India produced the remaining 15 percent of Coach products requirements. Management control quality throughout the process wit h product development offices in Hong Kong, China, South Korea, India, and Vietnam. This broad-based, global manufacturing strategy was designed to optimize the mix of cost, lead times, and construction capabilities. The companys procurement process selected only the highest-quality leathers and its outsourcing agreements with quality offshore manufacturers contributed to the companys reputation for high quality and value. Coach launched new collection every month.The market research design process developed by Executive Creative manager Reed Krakoff provided the basis of Coachs differentiated product line each quarter, major consumers research is undertaken to define product trends, selections and consumers designs. Monthly product launches enhanced the company voguish image and gave consumers reason to make purchases on a regular basis. Lew Frankfort said the increase was attributable to monthly product launches that increase the frequency of consumer visits and womens changing s tyle preferences of using bags to complement their wardrobes in the same way they used to use shoes. A retail analyst agreed that the frequent product introductions is a huge driver of traffic and sales and has enabled them to capture thecustomer who wants the newest items and fashions. Coach sought to makecustomer services experiences an additional differentiating aspect of the brand. It had agreed since its founding to refurbish or replace disgraced handbags, regardless of the age of the bag. The company provided store employees with regular customer services training programs and scheduled additional personnel during peak shopping periods to ensure all customers were attended to satisfactorily. Customers are allowed to order merchandise for home delivery if the particular handbag or color wasnt on hand(predicate) during a visit to a Coach store.2. The companys competitive strategy yielded a sustainable competitive advantage thanks to its strategy to have both full-price stores and factory store. In 2011, Coach had 345 full-price retail stores in the United States, which comprised 70 percent of its amount of money US outlets. Full-price stores were divided into three categories-core locations, fashion locations, and flagship stores. Under Coachs tiered merchandising strategy, the companys flagship stores carried the most sophisticated and high-priced items, while core stores carried widely demand lines. The companys fashion locations tend to stock a blend of Coachs best-selling lines and chic military capability bags. Coach had 143 factory stores by 2011. About 75 percent of factory store armory was produced specifically for Coach factory stores, the remaining 25 percent was made up of overstock items and discontinued models. Coachs 10 to 50 percent discount offered a year round full-price policy in full-price stores. Handbags sold in Coach full-price stores ranged from $200-$500, which was well below the $700-$800 entry-level price charged by other luxu ry brands. So the buyers could get a branded product in an affordable value.Coachs products priceTherefore, Coachs factory stores target customers who might not otherwise buy Coach products. both(prenominal) full-price stores and factory stores customers were equally brand loyal, but there was a distinct demographic difference between the shopper segments. It means that each type of consumer does not affect the other. During these economic times, it may seem as though the factory store shoppers might reduce spending. However, these same economic times have little effect on full-priced shoppers due to their amount of wealth. This might be able to help Coach in its struggle between being an exclusive brand or just another common brand. Coach has many product lines- items withappealing attributes, assorted upscale features. Coach Inc. designed and marketed womens handbags leather accessories such as key fobs, belts, electronic accessories and cosmetic cases and outwear such as gloves, hats and scarves. Coach also designed and marketed leather business cases and luggage. Coach is production emphasis- build in upscale features and appealing attributes at lower cost than rivals. The outsourcing agreements allowed Coach to maintain a sizeable pricing advantage relative to other luxury handbag brands in its full-price stores as well.Moreover, Coach is marketing emphasis. Coachs wholesale distribution international markets involved department stores, freestanding retail locations, shop-in-shop locations, and specialty retailers in 18 countries. The company mailed about 4.1 million catalogs to strategically selected households in the US during 2006 and place another 3.5 million catalogs in Coach retail stores for customers to choose up during a store visit3. That advantage has translated into superior financial and market performance both in the United States and worldwide. In 2011, Coach had 169 retail locations in Japan, which generated $748 million in sales. In 201 2, Coach had 66 stores in China, up from 41 stores in 2011. Coach anticipated recording fiscal 2012 revenues in China approximately $300 million. Coachs products were sold in approximately 970 wholesale locations in the U.S. and Canada. From 2002 to 2006, Coach has been growing faster than the handbag market in the U.S. This has resulted in Coach continuously gaining market share. Which, in 2002 was 19% and just four years later Coach was holding 26% of the U.S. handbag market share in the U.S. and also had total revenues of $2.6 billion in 2008, a 26.9% increase from 2006. As of June 2008, it operated 289 retail stores and 102 factory stores in the United States, five retail stores in Canada. This is not satisfying enough as Coach expects the number of factory stores to top out at around 100 in the U.S. while the full-priced stores could reach up to 350. Coachs wholesale distribution in international markets involved department stores, freestanding retail locations, shop-in-shop lo cations, and specialty retailers in 18 countries. In 2006, international wholesale accounts amounted to $147 million and have grown some 7.8 percent per year to reach approximately $230 million in 2011.Question 6. What are the resource strengths and weaknesses of Coach Inc.?What competencies and capabilities does it have that its chief rivals dont have? What new market opportunities does Coach have? What external threats do you see that could adversely impact the companys future wellbeing? StrengthsCoach is very strong when it comes to brand image. As indicated by the case, Coach held a 25 percent share of the U.S. luxury handbag market and was the second best-selling brand in Japan, with an 8% market share .To earn strong market share, Coach offers a winning combination of styling, quality, and pricing that essentially operates off the premise that they would target the new accessible luxury goods segment. Besides strong brand image, Coach also possesses strong distribution capabil ities. The company works closely with its distributors to sell its products through domestic as well as overseas department stores. It also markets its products by making effective use of Internet, like sending emails to its selected customers and updating the information on its website in time. These retail channels truly boost Coachs presence in global markets and promote its brand. For example, in the United States, Coach products could be found in approximately 900 department stores, 218 Coach full-price stores, and 86 Coach factory outlet stores in addition to sales generate from their website.Essentially a strong distribution network allows for Coach to position their luxury goods as accessible (without tarnishing their image). Another strength Coach has is the diverse product line consisting of womens handbags, key fobs, belts, electronics accessories, cosmetic cases, gloves, hats, scarves, watches, shoes, and sunglasses. By having a large product line, it allows for the comp any to diversify and differentiate. Similarly, Coach frequently introduces new products which are indicative of a commitment to diversifying its product lines. Moreover, when it comes to the financial performance, Coach, Inc. has handed in a satisfactory answer to the public over the years. In 2011, the revenues of the company were $4,159 million, an increase of 15.3% compared with 2010. Besides, its operating profit and net income reached $1,305 million and $881 million in the same year, an increase of 13.5% and 19.8% over 2010 respectively. Finally, one of Coachs greatest strengths is excellent customer service when it comes to taking care of their customers. In an effort to show value-added benefits, Coachrefurbishes damaged handbags and provides Special Request service to allow consumers to custom order a product if a particular handbag or color wasnt available during a visit to a Coach store. WeaknessesWith locations all over the United States, one of Coachs biggest weaknesses is also one of its previously mentioned strengths accessibility. With so many retail stores attempting to sell high-cost inventory, Coach inevitably puts itself in a situation with a high risk/high reward situation. Currently, the strategy has give off because middle class consumers have started to purchase luxury goods however, as the case states, Coachs most loyal consumers visited the store once every two months and made a purchase once every seven months with an average customer purchasing around four handbags per year. While consumers are benefited in accessibility, the question remains when sales begin going sour, can Coach endure the high costs of so many retail stores and any left-over inventory? Coach has had a high level of inventory.As of 2011, the value of the companys merchandise inventories was $422 million, an increase of over 16% over 2010. It is obvious that large inventories damage a corporations liquidity. Therefore in order to clear inventories, Coach may have t o make a painful closing to cut prices, which could have an apparent negative effect on the firms profitability. Though Coach, Inc. is a luxury brand aiming at the international market, its operations heavily rely on American market. The evidence was that the US represented 74.6% of Coachs total revenues in 2006. Such a market niggardliness may put the company at risk of having to suffer a slump in demand for Coachs products caused by American economic slowdown or recession. OpportunitiesWhile Coach currently has a strong base in international markets, as standards of living around the world continue to increase, Coach can really exploit the opportunity to invest overseas particularly in developing nations such as China. In Japan, there are many young single ladies whose age is between 25 to 30 are pretty fashion conscious and willing to pay much more than their American peers for similar western luxury goods in order to demonstrate their good personal taste. So it is advisable fo r Coach to take the business opportunity of excavating such a vast latent market. TheChinese market for luxury goods was predicted to increase to 24% of global revenue by 2014, which would make it worlds largest market for luxury goods.Along the same lines of globalization, Coach can increase its market share through development of sales via their website. While Coach currently operates an e-commerce site, it still remains to be seen on how sophisticated it really is. Coach could look into some potential new avenues of possibly adding some customization features or, at the very minimum, enhance the functionality and friendliness of their site so that they can generate sales from individuals not within range of their other stores. ThreatsAs nations become more and more sophisticated in the ways that they are able to produce counterfeit products, one of the biggest threats that faces Coach is the ability of these knockoffs to serve as substitute products. To illustrate the extent of c ounterfeit goods, in 2006, more than $500 billion worth of counterfeit merchandise were sold in the United States and internationally moreover, these staggering numbers illustrates the global problem confront many industries (Thompson C-106). This is a particularly dangerous threat to Coach because any time one of these fake products has defects, consumers, unknowingly, may associate it with a defective product. In addition, consumers who want their reference group members to think that they can afford high-end products may not want to pay premium prices for those products so they rely on the affordability of an identical product for half the price. As an American-based company offering fine leather goods, Coach has proved to be extremely successful in the domestic market. However, when the company launches its global expansion, it has to be confronted with lots of strong foreign rivals.So Coach should pay more attention to maintain its competitive advantages, or its dangerous compe titors, such as LVMH Mot Hennessy Louis Vuitton S.A., The House of Gucci, and Herms International S.A. will encroach on its market shares. Like most products, particularly luxury goods, Coach is impacted based on the economy. When the economy is down and consumers do not have a lot of spending money, so is Coachs bottom line. In recent years, the consumers in the US have reduced their spending as a result of high interest rates and rising fuel prices. Under this kind of pressure, Americans tend to cut down their unnecessary expenses, especially the costs of luxuries. Consequently, the US Coach would lose a large number of customers which leads to poor sales. With luxury goods, consumers often find such products to be extremely elastic so dramatic drops in income will result in dramatic drops in sales of Coachs product lines moreover, this is particularly dangerous because of the high cost associated with maintaining high-cost inventory and facilities.Question 7. What recommendation s would you make to Lew Frankfort to improve the Coachs competitive position in the industry and its financial and market performance? Short-Term RecommendationsElevate Mens Product crackCurrently, Coach concentrates on designing and offering womens products, especially the handbags. The company only supplies the customers with a small part of mens accessories which merely represent 2% of the total net sales.1 But in fact, an increasing number of men today have a great appetite for western luxury goods. They have the same desire for fashion products and prepare to spend much money on packing themselves. So Coach should do its utmost to meet mens demands. Recruit Talented Fashion DesignersBrilliant fashion designers are in high demand in luxury goods industry since a brands soul is the design of its products. So in order to set a good brand image as well as instill new vitality into the enterprise, Coach, Inc. needs to recruit more talented designers who are extremely sensitive to t he pulse of fashion and have the ability to design a number of marketable products. Ally With Strong Jewelry BrandsIn many countries and areas throughout the world, Coach is considered as a mid-range luxury brand rather than a worlds top brand like LVMH, Gucci, Herms, Prada and so forth. This phenomenon may be caused by Coachs cheaper price. To compete against these powerful opponents and draw more attention from the upper-class customers, Coach can think about allying with a group of world-class jewelry companies to try to combine varieties of jewelries with its products. On the one hand, this practice is a sign of seeking novelty. On the other hand, it can also enhance Coachs fame. Long-TermRecommendationsUpgrade Brand figureIn 2006, it took Coachs 4.8% of net sales to design, advertise, and market its merchandise.2 However, the result was disappointing. The corporations reputation is still not as good as its international rivals. Actually, according to Coachs performance in the past few years, it is clear that there is no big problem in product design and marketing, so Coach should take more advertising strategies into consideration besides Internet. For example, TV commercials, as a kind of cyclic visual stimulation, are much more eye-catching and effective than emails, catalogs and information listed on the websites. Curb Counterfeit TradeIn international business, it is extremely significant for Coach to protect all its intellectual property rights so as to maintain the competitive advantages. Nevertheless, no matter how many efforts the company made, counterfeiting still happens frequently and shows an upward trend. At this time, Coach, Inc. should further improve the technological content of products to make it difficult to imitate and counterfeit. In addition, since Coach, Inc. operates in many countries, the company could strive to persuade the foreign governments to reenact and amend their intellectual property laws, which can legally protect Coac hs interests. Expand in ChinaAs an emerging market, China has attracted more and more foreign investments from multinational enterprises in the past few decades. China is an ideal place for international investors because it offers cheap labor force, rich natural resources, huge potential market, as well as stable political and economic environment. Whats more, as a result of Chinese fast economic development, the number of Chinese customers who have a strong desire for the world-famous luxuries has dramatically increased in recent years. Thus it is advisable for Coach to set up factories and retail stores in China so as to both reduce operating expenses and better satisfy the growing needs of Chinese customers.

Nightmare

Do not forget to wash your legs before going to bed my mother used to branch me almost every night if I were at home. Noon might get a nightmare. I never believed her until it happened to me. It was on a night at my hostel Sole Slash, when all of my housemates were going back home as It was a three-day weekend. Since my house was In Pang and it took about 4 hours to get in that location, I decided to stay here alone. Moreover, there were tons of assignments need to be done. I was preparing the slides for my book review presentation when all of sudden there was a blackout and It was totally dark.Only God knew how I felt on that particular moment. Thank God, It was unaccompanied for only about 15 minutes. I continued destination my slides then. I kept on doing my assignment without bothering to look at the clock. Finally, I feel very contented as the slides had done beautifully and creatively by me. I wanted to do other assignments scarce when I glanced at the clock, It was alre ady three In the morning I realized that I was authentically exhausted and my eyes needed some rest after hours staring at the laptop screen. I turned clear up the laptop and went straight into my darken room without brushing teeth and washing legs.With the help of the dim barge from the street lamp nearby my room, I saw a figure sleeping on my bed. As I got nearer, the figure suddenly threw away the blanket, got up and stared at me. It was an old woman with shiny gold teeth. She raised her claw-like fingers and walked towards me. I ran to the outside where there was a badminton court. My surroundings were slowly starting to melt the trees, the hostel blocks around me, the sky and the pathway to a garage. It seemed that I was about to dissipate as well, neat a puddle of glue-like substance left on the ground. I noticed the creepy-crawly old woman was already behind me.I wanted to run but was unable to. I tried to scream but open up that I could not. In horror I struggled and s truggled to get away from the frightful woman. She dragged me to a creepy room and I was tied on a bed that looked like similarly my bed. She then went outside of the room and sang, sang, sang continuously. Soon I drifted off into a troubled sleep. I kept hearing the womans voice even in my sleep. The next moment I gave a muffled yell and open up myself panting on my bed. I heard someone was singing happily and when I went to take a look, it was Sarah who was doing her assignment on my study desk.My goodness, what a portentous nightmare it was Sarah wished me good morning and told me that I slept with the door unlocked so she went In and found that I was still sleeping. You look so pale. Are you ok? she asked me. For a minute or so I lay on the sofa not daring to close my eyes for fear of falling unawakened again and continuing the nightmare. Then I sat up on my bed until the horrible feeling passed. From then on I never went to sleep without washing my legs. Nightmare By Sylva nia almost every night if I were at home. Mimi might get a nightmare. I never believed her until it happened to me.It was on a night at my hostel Sole Cassia, when all of my housemates were going back home as it was a three-day weekend. Since my house was in Pang and it took about 4 hours to get there, I decided to stay here and it was totally dark. Only God knew how I felt on that particular moment. Thank God, it was only for only about 15 minutes. I continued finishing my slides then. I kept other assignments but when I glanced at the clock, it was already three in the light from the street lamp nearby my room, I saw a figure sleeping on my bed. As I got slept with the door unlocked so she went in and found that I was still sleeping.

Belonging and Community

What is my current understanding of belonging and community? Well id have to say belonging is a big thing to teens and most battalion believe you have to dress a certain way or do something to fit into there apparent community but I unimpeachably dont care what others think. Community to me is my friends family and people who mean alot to me. However that isnt the correct meaning, community is a bunch of people living in a certain area. I like to think my idea of a community is how it should be.How did I come to this understanding of my thinking? Well I dont fully k outright, its mainly values and thoughts that ive self-contained and made in my mind while growing older. Many things probably come from my dad hes a great man with alot of good values and he helped shaped who I am today. My mother also taught me alot of good values and also helped shaped who I am. I definitely cant give all the point of reference to them I have to give some of it to my friends to they have great shi pway of thinking and are very great people. Thats not all though alot of these ways of thinking come from me and thoughts I think in my head of how the world should be.What are views of others regarding belonging and community? Many of my peers think belonging means assay to be like some maven else and fitting into something they like to think is a community.Why is community important in our society? Well with discover community what do we actually have? A whole lotta nothing really, without community how would we have friends like we have today? Id say without community were very isolated and us ourselves wouldnt be the people we are today.Do you feel we need to have communites? No, We dont absolutely need communities we can just be zombies wandering in no general life direction. Seriously I think we need communitys cause our friends, family and such they are there when you need them. What happens if you have non of that and are in a bad situation? Well you arent able to stay emot ionally stable and lose any sort of inspiration or heart you have. You crash and nightfall and have no one to pick you back up again least thats how I feel.If we didnt belong to a community what would we be missing out on? Id have to say we would be missing out on many several(predicate) things. We would be missing out on our chances to socialize and not be so isolated. We would be missing out on learning certain morals and life choices. We would miss out on having many different friends who help us go through all the crap teenagers have to go through. I also think without communities alot of people wouldnt have much ambition to try hard I know I wouldnt at least.What kinds of communities do I belong to? I belong to quite a few communities if you go by the definition of others. Communities such as school, area district, working community. Thats not community to me though community to me would be my friends and family. I gotta say my group of friends is one of the most important t ypes of community to me cause we have eachothers backs through thick and thin. Even more important family cause seriously without family where would you be right now? Not here thats for sure.

Energy drinks research paper Essay

Modern life has become fast-paced and the multitudes of work to be d cardinal ask muss of effort now much than before. Be it in take or in the office, m whatever nation study turned to vital force drinks as a source of boost for their incompetent physiologic endurance and mental strength in addressing the demands of modern living. As the name itself easily fires, skill drinks argon supposed to supplement people with the vigor they need. Since they contain a combination of vitamins and plenty of caffeine, energy drinks have become a popular alternative to coffee and early(a) caffeinated bever maturates.It is not surprising, therefore, if there ar people who have developed a form of dependency on energy drinks after overwhelming them continuously for a certain period. However, there argon likewise those who regulate energy drinks not as a boom but as a bane to the health of individuals. spell these drinks may raise people with additional energy, it is often stated t hat they also have negative effectuate on the military man soundbox in fictitious charactericular if they atomic number 18 taken habitu all in ally and in amounts that exceed honorable limits. There be reasons why certain people support the aspiration of energy drinks.On the another(prenominal) hand, there be also reasons why some others oppose the same, to the point that attempts have been made to ban the production, distribution and sale of energy drinks in some areas. This paper seeks to explore those reasons by surveying past and recent literature with respect to the effect of energy drinks on the human body. After an judgement on whether energy drinks stinkpot potentially endanger the lives of people, this paper go away suggest ways on how to increase the awareness of the people on what these drinks have to offer, whether good or bad.This paper will also try to explore the possible measures which tin be adopted in order to properly regulate the production, di stribution and actual grocerying of energy drinks to the larger public. muscle drinks the good side There are several reasons why people buy energy drinks. Today, it may be utter that even age and status in life no longer pose rigid limitations as to who exactly can take advantage of what energy drinks have to offer. Some individuals can tucker a certain dose of energy drinks for no strong reason except that they simply want to blow out their thirst.The more or less apparent effect of energy drinks is that they boost a somebodys energy. This is due to the ingredients contained in most energy drinks. For instance, energy drinks contain caffeine, sugar, B vitamins and certain kinds of herbs. The combination of these ingredients is express to help increase a persons personal, mental and cognitive works. For this reason, it is not surprising that people have patronise energy drinks. In fact, there are numerous brands of energy drinks out in the market, each one purporting to cater to specific preferences and conditions of the consumers.Some brands are tagged as an excellent source of energy for athletes while some other brands are tagged as powerful mental boosters for office workers and students. At all rate, it may be said that the fast-paced modern world requires from e truly person quick and efficient responsesand energy drinks are there to help them strike that daily routine. Aside from caffeine, there are at least other common ingredients of most energy drinks taurine and glucuronolactone. Both are produced naturally by the human body.Energy drinks can replace both glucuronolactone and taurine that the body loses during stressful situations and high physical activity (Olson). Both are important to the human body as they naturally cleanse the body from harmful toxins and brook natural energy boost. People who work overtime or who labor intensely are part of the large numbers of those who consume energy drinks. Even students who are prompted by long hours of studying and doing schoolwork have the corresponding longing to use these drinks as a source of the energy they need in order to complete their tasks over extended durations.In a way, it can be seen that energy drinks may be prudent for motivating people to continue with their tasks. On a larger scale, a workforce able to perform amend and produce more output within a constrained period will sure as shooting yield positive results. Although energy drinks may not be solely responsible for such consequence, it may nevertheless be safely assumed that it has its share. The history of the energy drink is replete with indicators that it was initially produced to aid the physical well- be of individuals.As early as the second half of the twentieth century, energy drinks were already being produced in Japan with the same modern tagline as increasing an individuals physical energy levels. Without doubt, early energy drinks were particularly formulated for people engaged in intense labor or those involving protracted hours of work that require physical endurance. Through the years, the benefits of energy drinks were later seen as applicable to athletes. Today, athletes and even people who are active in sports curse on energy drinks in order to supplement or quickly replenish their stock of energy.Similarly, energy drinks are oftentimes labeled as drinks that prove wakefulness. Apparently, those who stand to benefit from the mental bouncyness induced by energy drinks are the people who are in a desperate need to gentle fully awake due to particular circumstances. Students who need to study overnight or to be awake in class after still flavor sluggish belong to this group. In particular, employees who need to beat deadlines the following morning and who are barely able to stoppage awake for the rest of the night also fall to this classification.Some employees working in graveyard shifts also consume energy drinks. For example, nurses and doctors w ho spend late hours in the hospital may rely on energy drinks from time to time in order to help them keep awake and alert for the rest of the evening. The same may also be said about corporate employees in outsourcing companies that serve clients from other time zones. At the most, energy drinks are perceived as useful aid for those who need to stay awake for different reasons. Without doubt, there is a different side to energy drinks.There are concerned groups who express their opposition to the consumption of energy drinks especially on regular intervals. At the heart of the sharp criticism against energy drinks is that they are said to contain chemicals and other substances that may endanger the health of individuals. While it may be conceded that energy drinks have short term benefits, it is likewise urged that they also have negative consequences in the long run. Thus, instead of promoting a persons health, energy drinks may actually harm a person. Energy drinks the bad side.M onster Energy is one of the more popular energy drinks functional in almost every store in America. Interestingly, the product contains double the worth of strong coffees caffeine for every single inspection and repair of sixteen ounces (Laitner). It may be admitted that there is nothing inherently wrong with drinking caffeinated beverages like Monster Energy. In fact, medical experts may even suggest some of their patients experiencing sluggishness to consume a certain dosage of energy drinks every once in a while. However, it is the dosage and frequency of consumption that is crucial. comparable other beverages sold in the market, energy drinks should be consumed unless in moderation. Stated otherwise, people should not consume energy drinks more than what is actually mandatory by their body. As of the first quarter of 2011, the American Association of Poison Control Centers has already logged at least three hundred and forty incidents of unfortunate health effects as a result of consuming energy drinks with high caffeine levels, and that most of the data gathered revealed that many young people are part of the statistics (Laitner).The numbers may be insignificant on the whole scale but they tell one thing the risks are real. to a greater extent importantly, even young people who are presumed to be at a better health condition than most adults are not immune from the risks. That being said, the effects of energy drinks potentially cut across the age borders. There are also alcoholic energy drinks being sold in other parts of the world. In Australia, medical authorities have warned about the negative effects of these drinks to young people (Collier).What is more interesting is that these drinks are being consumed by teenagers aged between twelve and seventeen (Collier). At a very young age, these individuals are already exposed to the harms brought about not only by energy drinks but their combination with alcohol. Apparently, the effect on the body of th ese alcoholic energy drinks is a combination of a feeling of being simultaneously alert and drowsy. The Australian Drug Foundation has already warned about the negative effects of these drinks and the interrogation recently conducted confirms these effects (Collier).One of the more serious consequences of consuming energy drinks on a regular basis and beyond the required amounts is that it can cause health problems to a persons cardiovascular, central nervous, musculoskeletal and renal systems (Babu). These risks are not to be taken lightly since they comprise the critical parts of the human body. Impairments in any one of these system of variety meat can greatly weaken a person and affect ones daily routines. Apparently, these effects may come in the long term. This is in all likelihood the tricky part.Since these effects begin to be felt only after a certain period, a person may initially think that his consumption of energy drinks has not been affecting his health. However, on ce the effects have already begun to set in, it might be too late and the person may require hospitalization and complicated medical treatment. A harmless start may soon turn into a physically daunting end. Energy drinks contain plenty of sugar and the sugar contained in them are known to cause diarrhea and gastrointestinal pains which, in any case, will never improve the performance of any office employee, student or athlete (Miller).The effects become more pronounced if a person consumes energy drinks on a regular basis. Without doubt, a person may thereafter suffer from regular stomach upsets and diarrhea. Instead of actually helping an individual perform better at his or her tasks, the contrary is more likely to happen. It has been noted that the American diet is already filled with B-vitamins and, consequently, energy drinks which are most of the time likewise filled with B-vitamins do not really help the body.On the contrary, energy drinks can only potentially yield to an over load of B-vitamins in the human body (Brody). In effect, the body may not be able to absorb the overload of B-vitamins thereby resulting to certain bodily reactions. Vitamins should still be taken in moderation only as they can also adversely affect the body when taken in uncontrolled amounts. Even the term energy drink is highly ambiguous. For the most part, the term itself is neither approved nor created by the FDA and the USDA the manufacturers themselves coined the label (Babu).While these drinks are not being pulled out of the shelves for using a label that is not sanctioned by the FDA and the USDA, they continue to play on the sensibilities of the public. It is a fact that energy can be taken from any food. Most of them come in the form of calories. To say that a certain beverage is an energy drink is to create the impression that it gives energy more than what one could normally derive from the median(a) daily meals and snacks. It may be true that these energy drinks can pro vide people with energy but it is another matter altogether to claim that they can radically increase the energy levels of an individual.It may even be pointed out that a person may opt to eat fruits and vegetables several hours before a physically and mentally grueling task instead of consuming a can of energy drink before performing the task. It is a healthier go on with more benefits for the human body without the aid of artificial ingredients and chemicals. Identifying the problem and providing solutions It may be said that a person has the freedom to choose whatever he wants to consume. The basis for saying this is that a person has full autonomy over his own body.Thus, no one can be prevented from purchasing what is openly visible(prenominal) in stores. This proposition is crucial since it establishes the idea that the main concern should naturally be focused on the individual. However, this does not relieve the manufacturers of energy drinks from any responsibility. On the contrary, the imperative to pay attention to the consumers necessitates that manufacturers have a big role to fill. It has been observed that there is little scientific research available and government regulating with respect to energy drinks (Seifert, et al.).This is worrisome since energy drinks have been manufactured and sold throughout the world for at least two decades. It may be one of the significant reasons why there are only very few available well-rounded information about the negative effects of energy drinks on the human body. In this day and age where more and more energy drink products are being producedan indicator that there is a growing market for energy drinksit is indeed imperative that more information about energy drinks should be made available to the public.It is important to inform and educate consumers about the effects of energy drinks on the human body. One way to achieve this is to provide the right information on the labels of products. Instead of pur ely flaunting catchphrases that tease the sensibilities of consumers, products should contain labels that understandably warn consumers of the negative effects of energy drinks if and when they are consumed in high quantities and in regular intervals. It is safe to say that a serving of Monster Energy once every week, for example, does not necessarily endanger a persons health.However, regular consumption of the productakin to an addictionwill certainly take its toll on the body. For this reason, products should contain warnings about the regular consumption of energy drinks. The warning should be visible enough and should not be rigid in an obscure part of the product. This is a direct approach in informing the general public about energy drinks without the intervention of the government. Manufacturers should be responsible enough to take the initiative. Schools can also take part in informing young students about the energy drinks.Forums and symposiums may be conducted within sch ool premises. Medical practitioners and representatives from the FDA and USDA can be invited as guest speakers. Students should be encouraged to give frank questions about energy drinks in order to look at any lingering doubts about their effects. Teachers may also include in their discussions on biochemistry or on human anatomy the benefits and harms of energy drinks. Documentaries about the effects of energy drinks may also be presented before classes of students. All of these suggestions can easily be done and require very minimal resources on the part of the school.Moreover, they immediately address the need to inform the younger population. The government should regulate energy drinks more stringently. The legislature should come-up with laws that will put a limit on how much caffeine, for instance, can be included in energy drinks. The same should also apply to other chemicals in these drinks. This approach has been done in other consumable products and should likewise be app lied in the case of energy drinks since even teenagers today are getting hooked on the product.Needless to say, it is the trading of the government not only to make sure that the products available in the market are safe for human consumption but also to provide guidelines on product manufacturers so that no harm will be made. The FDA and the USDA should also do its role in making detailed analyses on every energy drink sold in the market and in crafting a comprehensive assessment on whether or not each of these products is safe for human consumption. The reports may also serve as the basis for the legislature to impose certain limits on the amount of chemicals that can be put into the products.These agencies have the expertise and skills to make definitive and, in some cases, binding reports that cannot be dismissed easily by product manufacturers. The government can also cautiously scrutinize the published and broadcasted advertisements of energy drink manufacturers in order to determine whether these manufacturers are making any unfounded claims which can gravely confuse the consumers. imitation advertising can certainly fool consumers into thinking that what the product professes to offer when in fact such is not the case.In order to clear any misinformation, the advertisers themselves should have the moral impulse to avoid making false claims just to make a sale. Needless to say, any false advertising can recoil on the advertiser, especially if the negative consequences of it have begun to take shape and an increasing number of consumers have likewise begun to air their grievances. Before it is too late, advertisers should take the initiative. Doing so can save them time from long years of litigation and money.A more radical suggestion is to impose an absolute ban on all energy drinks. Unfortunately, this suggestion will not hold water. Although it is admitted that energy drinks can potentially endanger the health of the people, imposing a full ban wi ll likewise affect those who consume energy drinks within prescribed safety limits, especially those who need these drinks at the most important moments in their lives. Even the national government can also face losses in the form of revenue taxes if and when the production of energy drinks is finally banned throughout America.Given the reports preceding mentioned that children nowadays are more and more becoming immersed in the consumption of energy drinks, it is also important to address this vital concern. The first step is that topical anesthetic grocery stores should see to it that they do not sell energy drinks to children especially those below seventeen years of age. This is a measure that can easily be done. However, it may be admitted that it has certain limitations. For instance, children can consume energy drinks at home if their parents stock a certain supply of this beverage.Still, something can be done. Parents should see to it that their children do not have acces s to energy drinks at home. This is where responsible parenting is of full use. Older siblings can also prevent their younger siblings from getting their men on energy drinks whether at home or in the public. Efforts will have to come from the entire family. Teaching children at a young age to refrain from consuming energy drinks at their stage is crucial. It will help reinforce the idea in the childs mind that there are consumable products that are not yet fit for their health.In the long run, children who will grow-up in an environment where they are taught to refrain from consuming energy drinks may soon minimize their consumption of such products when they have already grown. Independent research organizations should further engage themselves in the current efforts to comprehensively study and assess the consequences of energy drinks on the human body, from children to adults. Since more energy drink brands are being manufactured and sold, it is admitted that any attempt to mak e a comprehensive research can take a long while.Apart from time, more financial resources will also be needed in order to carryout a comprehensive study. Nevertheless, civic organizations can provide research grants. The government should likewise tap the private sector actively engaged in doing research by providing similar research grants. People and energy drinks the future America is teeming with activity around the clock. Many people living in cities that never sleep, so to speak, are oftentimes predisposed to take full advantage of every waking hour of their lives. They work for protracted hours in order to get a large pay.Students do their school tasks over long hours. Young people party from dusk until dawn. On the other hand, many athletes and individuals with very active lifestyles maintain their physical routines almost every day. It is not surprising, therefore, if energy drinks have become an integral part of the American lifestyle. By themselves, energy drinks can h elp an individual, especially if these drinks are consumed in moderate amounts. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.There is an imminent danger as the world becomes more fast-paced, people may fall into the temptation to consume energy drinks to the point that they will become dependent on these beverages in order for them to perform their daily routines. If the government fails to step-in and regulate energy drinks, and if very little research is done in the coming years, there may come a point when energy drinks will eventually become an all-important(a) part of the American culture. People may no longer begin to express their concern over the consequences of energy drinks since there is no comprehensive and conclusive basis to back-up their concerns in the first place.This can only push manufacturers to further develop their products, which translates to energy drinks with other chemicals that replaces caffeine, for instance, but with twice the effect. In general, energy drinks if left hand thoroughly unchecked can only grow into an even bigger social bane. In the end, nothing can replace a healthy lifestylenot even energy drinks. A healthy body and a healthy mind need not depend on energy drinks in order to properly function even under stress.Proper diet, regular exercise and a lifestyle free from any form of vice are still the best solutions for any person who expects to face tight deadlines and activities at work or in school.Works Cited Babu, Kavita. Energy Drinks The New Eye-Opener for Adolescents. Clinical paediatric Emergency Medicine 9. 3 (2008) 35-42. Print. Brody, Jane E. Scientists See Dangers in Energy Drinks. NYTimes. com. The New York Times. 31 Jan. 2011. Web. Accessed 29 Apr. 2011. http//www. nytimes. com/2011/02/01/health/01brody. html Collier, Karen. Kids wired on alcoholic energy drinks. Herald Sun. Herald and Weekly Times. 29 Apr. 2011. Web. Accessed 30 Apr. 2011. http//www. heraldsun. com. au/news/kids-wired-on-alcoholic-energ y-drinks/story-e6frf7jo-1226046546571 Olson, David E. , and Michael D. Maltz Energy drinks are they safe? Nine MSN Health and Wellbeing. MSN. 3 Aug. 2010. Web. Accessed 29 Apr. 2011. http//health. ninemsn. com. au/family/familyhealth/689831/energy-drinks Laitner, Bill. Some love the kick they get from energy drinks, but others worry about risks. Detroit Free Press. Gannett. 1 May 2011. Web. Accessed.