Bi-lingual Education Example

Bi Bi Bilingual Education The website d â€Å"Bilingual Education: A critique†, by Peter J. Duignan, is an educational site that evaluates the evolution of bilingual education since the Civil Right Act of 1968 and Bilingual Education Act of 1968. Its purpose is therefore to educate. The author of has analyzed the practice of bilingual education by giving its background arguments for and against it, and a constructive approach of multicultural as well as multilingual education. In addition, Duignan has considered the appropriateness of bilingual education based on established claims and profiled Latinos. Several bilingual education advocates have been identified and their opinions discussed (Duignan). Hoover Institution press website associates itself with this publication by Duignan. It provides a summary of â€Å"Bilingual Education: A critique†, which indicates the development of bilingual education (Duignan). Peter J. Duignan, a prolific writer, is a senior member at the H oover Institution. Duignan has a masters and doctoral degrees in history from Stanford University. He is an associate of the Stanford University African Studies Committee and the Council of European Studies (Duignan). Duignan is also a member of African Studies Association, Association of Research Libraries, East Studies Association, American History Association, and Royal Historical Society, among others. Duignan has comprehensive publications on relative colonial history, immigration, African bibliography and documentation, modern European history, U.S. foreign policy, Atlantic Alliance, as well as Hispanics in the United States. Duignan’s current publications include Bilingual Education: A Critique, The Spanish Speakers in the United States: A History, NATO: Its Past, Present and Future as well as African and the World. Peter J. Duignan has received several awards, which include the Rockefeller Foundation award, international fellowship, Guggenheim fellowship, and Ford for eign area fellowship to Africa (Duignan). The website is funded by the Hoover Institution of Stanford University. The article by Duignan is under the monographs of Hoover Institution’s publications. Furthermore, the article’s copyright is owned by the Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University. I believe that the information contained in the publication is correct considering the author’s credentials. Duignan provides precise details of bilingual education while referencing the instance of their occurrence. Additionally, Duignan has based his work on other accredited findings as well as publications (Duignan).Work CitedDuignan, Peter J. "Bilingual Education: A Critique." 1998. . 27 October 2011.

Research Paper on Epidemiology of HIV

Research Paper on Epidemiology of HIV Research Paper on  Epidemiology of HIV: Epidemiology can be said to be a key factor of science to public health. HIV is an epidemic and a concern to the public health since it emerged back in the early 1980s. Since it emerged, there has been numerous research and development about the HIV both in the developed and, underdeveloped countries. HIV may be caused by a virus and its effect may be felt throughout the world. HIV is a serious public health issue. Globally it is a significant cause of mortality regardless of age, gender or race. Though, there have been a number of developments on HIV there is no known cure or vaccine. People whom may be infected with HIV may be said to have (AIDS) the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. HIV might be mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Based on data that might have been collected from animals, we see that the HIV establishes itself into the body after a given period of 72 hours. The risk of contracting the virus is higher on the male person who has not been circumcised. The risk also increases when there might be repeated exposure to the virus (Howard Libman, Harvey J. Makadon, 2003). According to Paul E. Sax, Calvin J. Cohen, Daniel R. Kuritzkes (2010), they believe that, since the epidemic of the virus, there has been over 60 million infected people worldwide and a little over 2 million in the United States of America. The virus has resulted with over 20 million deaths worldwide and of the remaining over 40 million 95% of them may be living in the developing countries. According to statistics done we see that almost half of them maybe women and a little over 3 million might be children under the age of 15 years. Of the over 2 million living with the virus in the United States, at least half of them might have died due to complications brought by the virus. It is important to note that, of all the people infected by the HIV, in the end they will develop AIDS depending on their defensive mechanism and general health. The origin of the disease is still a mystery with some theories put in place. The epidemic has been enormous and, the first case might have been reported back in 1986 in Madras, India. In India, there are three groups, which get tested, for the disease. These are pregnant women who go for check ups, drug users and those who go for checkups in the special clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (Savitri Ramaiah, 2008). In the central Asian countries, the epidemic of HIV is still in its early stages. Though, there has been a numerous increase in the changes of those infected in the recent years. The virus infection among adults in the Central Asian countries may vary between 0.14 to 0.01%. There are NGOs in the area which are trying to educate and help people in both areas that may be highly affected and those that are not (Joana Godinho, 2004). In conclusion, I believe that HIV is a major public health issue and that people should put more effort to finding ways of arresting it. We see that, in the recent years, it may have caused a lot of deaths leading to a high-mortality rate globally.

Myths Involving the Greek God Hades

Myths Involving the Greek God Hades Hades, called Pluto by the Romans, was the god of the Greek underworld, the land of the dead in Greek and Roman mythology. While some modern-day religions deem the underworld as Hell and its ruler as the incarnation of evil, the Greeks and Romans saw the underworld as a place of darkness. Although hidden from the light of day and the living, Hades himself was not evil. He was, instead, the keeper of the laws of death. Key Takeaways: Hades Alternate Names: Zeus Katachthonions (Zeus of the Underworld), Epithets: Aà ¯des or Aà ¯doneus (The Unseen One, The Invisible), Plouton (the Wealth-Giver), Polydegmon (The Hospitable), Euboueus (Wise in Counsel) and Klymenos (the Renowned)  Culture/Country: Classical Greece and Roman EmpirePrimary Sources: Homer  Ã‚  Realms and Powers: The Underworld, ruler of the deadFamily: Son of Kronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon, husband of Persephone Origin Myth According to Greek mythology, Hades was one of the sons of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Their other children included Zeus, Poseidon, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera. Upon hearing a prophecy that his children would depose him, Cronus swallowed all but Zeus. Zeus managed to force his father to disgorge his siblings, and the gods embarked on a war against the Titans. After winning the war, the three sons drew lots to determine which would rule over the Sky, Sea, and Underworld. Zeus became the ruler of the Sky, Poseidon of the Sea, and Hades of the Underworld. Zeus also maintained his role as King of the Gods. After receiving control of his realm, Hades withdrew, and living an isolated existence, had little to do with the world of the living humans or gods.   Appearance and Reputation Although rarely appearing in Greek art, when he does, Hades carries a scepter or key as a sign of his authority- the Romans illustrate him carrying a cornucopia. He often looks like an angry version of Zeus, and the Roman writer Seneca described him as having the look of Jove when he thunders. Sometimes he is illustrated wearing a crown with rays like the sun or wearing a bears head for a hat. He has a cap of darkness that he wears to become dark.   Hades has a number of epithets, because Greeks, in general, preferred not to speak directly of death, particularly concerning their family and friends. Among them are Polydegmon (also Polydektes or Polyxeinos), all meaning something like the receiver, the host of many or the hospitable one. The Romans adopted Hades for their mythology, calling him Pluto or Dis and his wife Proserpina. Role in Greek and Roman Mythology In Greek and Roman mythology, Hades is the ruler of dead, grim and mournful in his character, and severely just and unyielding in the performance of his duties. He is the jailer of the souls of the dead, keeping the gates of the netherworld closed and ensuring that dead mortals who entered his dark kingdom never escape. He only left the kingdom himself to abduct Persephone as his bride; and none of his fellow gods visited him except for Hermes, who ventured in when his duties demanded it.   He is a frightening but not a malevolent god, with few worshipers. A handful of temples and sacred sites are reported for him: there was a precinct and temple at Elis, which was open one day during the year and even then only open to the priest. One place associated with Hades is Pylos, the gate-place of the setting sun.   Realm While the underworld was the land of the dead, there are several stories including The Odyssey in which living men go to Hades and return safely. When souls were delivered to the underworld by the god Hermes, they were ferried across the River Styx by the boatman, Charon. Arriving at the gates of Hades, souls were greeted by Cerberus, the terrible three-headed dog, who would let souls enter the place of mists and darkness, but would keep them from returning to the land of the living. In some myths, the dead were judged to determine the quality of their lives. Those judged to be good people drank of the River Lethe so that they would forget all bad things, and spend eternity in the wonderful Elysian Fields. Those judged to be bad people were sentenced to eternity in Tartarus, a version of Hell. Hades, Persephone, and Demeter The major myth associated with Hades is how he obtained his wife, Persephone. The most detailed is recounted in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. Persephone (or Kore) was the only daughter of Hades sister Demeter, the goddess of corn (wheat) and agriculture. One day, the maiden was gathering flowers with her friends, and a wonderful flower sprang from the ground on her path. When she reached down to pluck it, the earth opened up and Hades emerged and took her away in his golden chariot driven by swift deathless horses. Persephones cries were only heard by Hekate (goddess of ghosts and pathways) and Helios (god of the sun), but her mother grew anxious and went looking for her. Using two torches from the flames of Etna and fasting all the way, she searched fruitlessly for nine days, until she met Hekate. Hekate took her to see Helios, who told Demeter what had occurred. In grief, Demeter abandoned the company of gods and hid among mortals as an old woman.   Demeter remained absent from Olympus for a year, and during that time the world was infertile and famine-stricken. Zeus sent first the divine messenger Iris to instruct her to return, then each of the gods to offer her handsome gifts but she adamantly refused, saying she would never return to Olympus until she had seen her daughter with her own eyes. Zeus sent Hermes to talk to Hades, who agreed to let Persephone go, but he secretly fed her pomegranate seeds before she left, ensuring that she would remain bound to his realm forever. Demeter received her daughter and, forced to compromise with Hades, agreed that Persephone would remain one-third of the year as the consort of Hades and two thirds with her mother and the Olympian gods (latter accounts say the year was split evenly- the references are to the seasons of the year). As a result, Persephone is a dual-nature goddess, queen of the dead during the part of the year she resides with Hades and a goddess of fertility the rest of the time.   Other Myths There are a few other myths associated with Hades. As one of his labors for King Eurystheus, Heracles had to bring Hades watchdog Cerberus back from the Underworld. Heracles had divine help- probably from Athena. Since the dog was only being borrowed, Hades was sometimes portrayed as willing to lend Cerberus- so long as Heracles used no weapon to capture the fearsome beast. Elsewhere Hades was portrayed as injured or threatened by a club and bow-wielding Heracles. After seducing a young Helen of Troy, the hero Theseus decided to go with Perithous to take the wife of Hades- Persephone. Hades tricked the two mortals into taking seats of forgetfulness from which they could not get up until Heracles came to rescue them. Another from a late source reports that Hades abducted an ocean-nymph called Leuke to make her his mistress, but she died and he was so distressed that he caused the white poplar (Leuke) to grow in her memory in the Elysian Fields.   Sources Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.Harrison, Jane E. Helios-Hades. The Classical Review 22.1 (1908): 12-16. Print.Miller, David L. Hades and Dionysos: The Poetry of Soul. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 46.3 (1978): 331-35. Print.Smith, William, and G.E. Marindon, eds. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray, 1904. Print.

Water and sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water and sustainability - Essay Example conomy and population over the past decades has brought tremendous cost to the nation’s environmental sustainability (Liu, Jianguo, and Wu Yang 650). Although both China and the USA are economically developed, the simultaneous effects of the industrialization, agricultural growth, and urbanization coupled with the declining ground and surface water quantity are some of the crucial problems facing water sustainability in China. This paper therefore, explores the comparison of water sustainability between China and USA while taking keen interest on the problems of the water sustainability in China and the solutions. The USA’S EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is committed to the promotion of the sustainable practices that helps ensuring that the citizens continue enjoying the benefits of the safe and clean water. As a result the tap water in the USA relatively cleaner as compared to that of China. The tap water in U.S is generally good. In the 2006, 89.3% of the nation’s community water system were in total compliance with EPA. Unlike China, most of the water systems in the USA that are out of compliance are the small systems in the small towns and rural areas partly because most of the public water systems are generally small ones. Another reason for the cleaner tap water in the USA is that the drinking water in the U.S is regulated by the federal and state laws and codes that sets Maximum Contaminant Levels for some of the pollutants and the naturally occurring constituents. The federal and state laws and codes are tasked with the determination of the various operational req uirements, public notifications of the standards, provision of guidance to the state primacy agencies and publish the consumer confidence reports (Liu, Jianguo, and Wu Yang 650). Unlike China, the laws in the US such as Safe Drinking Water Act ensure quality of the drinking water is high. The public water systems in the US must comply with the laws to ensure that the water is safe.

Case Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Case Summary - Essay Example Through it has quick response to emerging issues the WFP has been in the frontline in offering food to those in need. Offering of nutritional foods aims at helping in solving the random cases of malnutrition diseases globally. This mainly solves the rampant cases among children. Most of the children conceived in most developing countries are often characterized by malnutrition diseases such as rickets and marasmus among others. The program aims at reducing such cases by providing the proper diet for the affected children, as well as for expectant and lactating mothers to help in curbing these diseases. However, the program has been the fastest respondent of natural calamities on their occurrence. During the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the WFP responded quickly to the problem and helped in providing food to the residents. They provided about 9,000 metric tons of food to about 2,000 civilians. This is among the many great achievements of the WFP in serving the world by providing them with food. Despites the WFP’s great undertakings, there are instances where during their service delivery; they are faced with dangerous attacks from their rivals thus affecting their service to the affected community. However, the WFP remains committed to its service delivery as long as there are those in need of their generosity. In regard to professionalism, professional ethics is what brings about the accountability among the staff members. Through the implementation of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), the program has promoted accountability among the staff members. The international financial standards help in ensuring accountability among the staffs. They also help in the allocation of funds and their respective accountability. Through the WFP’s generosity, there are numerous beneficiaries of the program’s project of the food delivery. There are beneficiaries who benefit from the WFP through their emergency response

Business-to-Business E-Business Technology Research Paper

Business-to-Business E-Business Technology - Research Paper Example The Business-to-Business E-Business Technology concept emerged owing to the growing use of internet technology in the business sphere. With the enhanced use of internet technology, business corporations can effectively interact with each other both in an intrinsic and extrinsic manner. Intrinsically the business corporations can better relate the head office functions with the several branches spread along different regions and also to the warehouses. The business corporations with the use of internet medium can modify the business functions related to purchases and sales in a much faster and efficient fashion. Business-to-Business technological interface helps the business corporations gain a huge number of advantages which can be enumerated as follows. Management of the inventory and sales functions is better managed by business houses through the expanded use of internet technology. The business corporations through the use of the internet medium can effectively track changes in t he external market and thereby modify the products and services rendered. Through enhanced satisfaction of consumer demand, the business houses can generate more amount of profit and also augment on the market share. Moreover, with the enhanced use of internet technology in the business medium the business corporations can effectively minimize the cost of business operations thereby enhancing the productivity aspects. Different companies pertaining to manufacturing and other information technology companies have gained largely owing to the expanded use of internet technology in the business to a business sphere (Haag, 2005,p.139-410). An enhanced understanding of the Business-To-Business Electronic Commerce technology shows that the above technology can be used in different forms by the business corporations while performing business activities.

Overview of Japan music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Overview of Japan music - Essay Example The first writings and definitions of music have been depicted in the Nara period of 553-794 BC. This occurred because of a shift in government in which there was an order to change the social and intellectual character of both China and Japan. This was done by depicting the culture and the music in a way which could be traced and remembered for a specific intellectual character. The music that was developed into the 1700s was based on learning music through a sense of self mastery and by defining specific styles of playing that could be used for musicians (Trasher, 4). The 1500s It was during the 1500s that a transformation of Japanese music occurred from the traditional categories into new methodologies of understanding and playing music. Many of the instrumental concepts began to change and progress with new structures and sounds that were a part of the instruments. This was furthered by the influence from the open area of Japan that was connecting to the Western world and differe nt music of various regions of the world. This specific influence created a difference in the pitches, scales and the overall variety that was in Japan. Each of the types of music which were used traditionally began to expand with forms that carried on the tradition of Japan while progressing into styles that were interested by more Western influences. During this time, there was the ability to expand and change the poetry as well as the instrumental structures and ideals that were used for Japan. The characteristics then began to combine with musical form, pitch, timbre, melody and harmony used throughout Japan (Titon, Fujiie, 159). Historical Styles of Music... Japanese music has held long traditions and several musical styles throughout history. From the past musical styles and contemporary music are diverse ways of expression that are used for culture. Defining the various aspects of Japanese music also shows how the evolution of music has occurred in this country as well as what the perceptions are with the way in which this music is heard and performed. The discovery of Japanese music furthers the ideologies of theories within music as well as what is understood in terms of expression that is linked directly to the culture and society of Japan. The traditional music of Japan is known for its rich history and several styles. There are various types of music played for specific occasions as well as different categories which depict what is heard within the region. The music consists of solo music, chamber pieces, court music, festival and folk, theater music, percussion, epic singing and religious music. Each of these is developed either for occasions or to show a specific character that is a part of the surrounding culture and society while telling a story about a different element of society. The concepts that are associated with the music of Japan are diverse and include a continuous progression that is used within the culture. When examining the different styles of music, it can be seen that there have been several ways to hold onto traditions as well as to progress into contemporary music. The ancient types of music have been followed by several types and styles used for various means, specifically which were influenced by politics and culture that is in the region. This is followed by more contemporary trends that both incorporate the music as folk style while creating a different understanding of popular music that is causing Japan to move into alternative styles within society.